Causality

I’m thinking about causality a lot recently. What triggers it is I realized I haven’t got a lot going on that can cause something in my life. It’s very predictable. Everyday I go to the university, continue doing something I left with the day before and that’s it. This is a closed society, here, the city I am living in. I am not used to it at all, still, after one and a half years of trying. I try to like it, and in fact, I do for the most part. But this kind of like is by default, because there isn’t a forseen alternative. I have the opportunity to use my time on something I like and am good at. I don’t need to deal with too many social interactions. But on the other hand, unpredicability is the poetic side of life. I gave that up and part of me is yearning for it.

I was trained by the metropolis to let loose. To focus on what I can control and let chance take over those I can’t. It was a beautiful philosophy of life, with the delicate balance between me and not me. From one point there can be ten weighted edges, and although my personality leads me to choose the one of my preference, the environment could push me to picking one from the other nine. Some different decisions, albeit small, like the choice of dinner, could lead to life changes; and some albeit big, like choosing education, can look trivial when time goes by. One cannot estimate the capacity of causality among choices, and that is the art of metropolis life.

Thus I am extremely adroit at making small decisions. I’ve trained myself to adopting a decision-making procedure that is both practical and efficacious. And when the decision is proven to be bad, I don’t cling too much to it. At the end of the day, I can always say that I’ve immersed into life.

But here I’ve taken on a whole different strategy. There aren’t a lot of decisions to make, and if there are any, they are mostly not triggers of anything unexpected. There are conventions on everything, based on what the predicability is high on all fronts.

A direct consequence of this kind of society is that people can feel trapped. Although we don’t know if we have free will, but the appearance of free will is not easily felt in this society. We don’t feel we are free by following convensions. We feel free by coming up with our strategies for unique situations. To be fair, it is very rare for any situation to be unique, which is, not experienced by anyone else in the entire history, but that doesn’t make following other’s coping mechanism a better idea for everyone. In fact, solving problems independently is one of the strongest sources of pleasure, and it makes one mentally and phisically robust.

Thus spoke me. Sometimes I get this subtle feeling of floating above this society instead of being in it. More often, I have a stronger feeling of being an actor to play out my pre-destined role. This is what feels like in this kind of environment. When events have high predicability, one can easily jump out of their position and think what actually is going on here. A streamlined life. A 9-5 actress. Mostly I can go forward with an automatic force, or inertia. The friction is so small that the initial force can make one go strong for quite a while. During this time, life is on auto-pilot. It gives me a lot of time and energy to go metaphysical.

If metropolitan life is art, then small city life is for drudges. Incidentally, I admire a lot of nobel drudges. Even more so than artists.

Academia vs Others

The university is a very simple place. I never realized it even in my bachelor’s program back home. People discuss what is it, why is it and how it should be theoretically, and don’t worry too much about the practicality of these theories. They are not supposed to be practical. That’s the point. The world outside of the academia is where these theories get to be practiced, and they are always compromised, so the art of practicality is how to compromise, and what to compromise. 

People rarely judge compromises in the executive world. They judge mostly what that execution achieves, either as regards to influence or competitiveness. They don’t really do value judgement on each procedures, but the final result is still under evaluation of such. The academia is another situation: people are careful to make good and right decisions on each process, but the final output is not very much judged whether they are significant or not. 

I prefer the second one, of course. But I have to admit that I oftentimes find myself using some philosophies I learned from the world of execution, because I don’t want to end up building a triviality. I learned so much from it, but the academia is the place to teach me the principles of compromise. I have some hunch about it, but now I can understand it in a more rigorous way. 

Some compromises are better than others. And without compromise, one cannot really achieve anything, not even a theoretical endeavour. To craft a theory is also an execution, and it needs everything one needs for casting an iron ax. The most important features of an ax to an axe-wielder is often the handle and and the kind of force it applies to its objects, and for a theory too. But an ironsmith needs to execute all the details with equal attention to make possible the user face and the function. For a theorist, they need to do all the heavy-lifting work too, proving, testing, reviewing, in order to produce some short and elegant concepts that are tenable or even useful. 

Retreating to academia (not the best verb, but I often feel this way) makes a bit more hesitant in doing things. I started this habit of hoping to craft it closer to perfection and the consequence is that I expand myself too much and cannot easily finish any project. Expansion is easier than the execution of one section, because the details are not exciting and sometimes frustrating. But expansion is necessary, too. Without it, the execution of one section could be unstable because it overlooks its position in the big picture. 

A Practical Procedure of Studying a Subject

One can only study one or two subjects at the same time in college, but with internet, anyone can approach any subject they are interested in without much hussle.

A standard way of looking at a subject is top-down: knowing its nature, its structure and then diving into details. Stanford philosophical encyclopedia is a nice resource to start for a wide range of subjects. Philosophers are responsible for answering a lot of fundamental questions, which never should have a definite anser. A question with an answer is just a piece of information. Knowledge is a jungle, our understanding of which is limited to the length we’ve gone through so far.

For dealing with details, AI can be handy. It can generate the standard learning process of a subject from top universities, and following that there are online playlists that deal with these sub-branches. If one really wish to dig into a field, a rigorous study is necessary, otherwise there could be patches that are left out if roaming within it without a method.

But roaming is fun. I roam all the time. The rule of thumb is that one should always be immersed in learning. If the systematical way fails to grab one’s attention, then it is better to leave it for a while, roam in the field, get some fun, and then come back. Forcing oneself to pay attention is miserable. We have suffered enough in life, and really should reduce pain whenever we can.

Problem-solving is essential, and should be done with quality instead of quantity. Wrong answers are treasures, from which one learns the most. If the answers are mostly correct, then it is only a waste of time. Mostly wrong answers are just due to different understandings of a concept from the official one. Understanding a concept in the same way as others is important in that people can only discuss the subject when they have a collection of vocabularies that defines the same meaning. Otherwise it is just one man’s game.

And if one hopes to learn something in order to do something, then it is quintessential to just do it. Think about it, try to do it. And if there is any problem, come back to online resources and look it up. After doing it a little bit, then use the time that’s spared for a systematic learning, so as to do it better. There is a hypothesis of vicious regress concerning know-how: if one needs pre-knowledge in any action, given that grabing the knowledge is also an action, there would be an infinite process before actually taking the action one wants to act at the first place. So just do it.

Mathematical Problems

Today I am thinking about problem-solving and how to generally look at a problem.

All mathematical fomulas were written down at some point in history by some people who wanted to solve a problem but lacks a way of thinking about it. Formulas gives out relations among expressions for us to think about problems within their contexts, so that we can reduce the problem and eventually generate an answer to it if lucky enough. Problems can be solved with certainty or probability. There are many standard methods to solve it, exhaustion for example, is one. Looking at all the possibilities and find the right answer. Or one can employ their human intuition to try out the ones that look most likely to be true, so as to reduce the time invested in the process. If for a certain kind of problem there is a codified flow of trying out possible answers, then it can be programmed into computer to try them out for us as algorithms. It can reduce our mannual work, but without that intuition, some flows can be extremely time and energy consuming.

Mathematical problems are extremely elegant, in that it lacks any complexity we have to deal with in daily life about an ordinary issue. We deal with problems all day long, and our pattern-finding can be absurdly wrong, because there are so many factors involved in any issue that we cannot know for sure whether the factors we observe are contributers. Mathematics is not something like that. It is a self-sufficient world where all the factors are in it. The initial factors are very simple, like throwing in a couple of basic lego blocks in different shapes, which can be replicated infinitely. With different amount of those blocks people can build complex relations that solve their own problem and facilitate others’ discovery. Coming up with problems and solutions are both creative processes, and both require an insight into the nature of the problems, tools at hand and other resources that can be manipulated into a more handy and specialized tool. Sometimes, however, we have to take a step back and look at our tools with its compartments, and think whether we need to wield such a contraption for this kind of problem. Sometimes the instrument is too much for our problem, and we need to reduce our tool first.

In any case, I think one should stay pleasant during any problem-solving. Intuition is only at work when one’s brain is active and full of cuiriosity and whimsy. Generally, I come up with more solutions after a good laugh. And laughing also gives me a good appetite.

学术

今天看了一下学术的划分。

我以前没有意识到的是数学及计算机科学是单独的一类,也就是划做形式科学。另外,我很意外的是实用学科就直接被分类为“职业”,有点戳着脊梁骨骂人的感觉。

另外,地理是被放在社会科学的,我以前也没有想过,当然,它同时也属于自然科学。在关于物权和知识产权的课中教授曾提过领域算作社会的一部分,也就是说,社会的基本组成部分不仅包括人、动物这些生命体,也包括这些生命体所占有的地理区域。但将地理看作如此重要的社会概念,甚至被放在社会学科的框架中,还是超过我的预料。

从分类能看到,目前大学的教育体系大体关注在求真(科学)、求善美(人文)以及职业训练。

数学

我是一个很不喜欢争执的人,所以一直很希望有一种人际关系的模式让我能避免冲突,因为我意识到争论的“赢”并不是让我很快乐的事。我更喜欢确定性的真相,也许就是因为这个,我感受到在数学当中极大的快乐。

很多的争论到最后都会变成技巧的竞赛,因为语言总是有漏洞的,如果某个人擅长捉虫,那从漏洞中攻击对手就可以了,最后常常没有什么关乎真相的结论。因为人被丢在这样一个杂乱的世界,所以总想从中找出规律,有的人看到了A形态的规律,有的人看到了B形态,但也许另一个人站在上空鸟瞰,会发现A和B都是局限在极小一处的细枝末节。争执这样的规律让我觉得疲惫,既没有获得交流的乐趣,也没有感到友谊的乐趣,也没有获得什么知识。刻板印象就是这样一种规律。即使我经常避免这样的争论,但在异国,也会遇到被人提到这样的刻板印象,我时常没什么想说的,因为如果一个人看到了A形态的规律,就说明ta:1)站在可以看到A的视角;2)对存在A规律的问题有兴趣;3)对发现A规律感到比较愉快,对ta的情绪有帮助。而我对这三项都既不适用,也不太有兴趣,所以一般就不去讨论了。但我绝不认为所有人都应当这样,相反,我很尊重愿意用时间和精力去辩论这样规律的人,正因为他们的存在,才给了我脱身而去做别的事情的机会。但实际上,刻板印象常包含一定程度的真相,不然这样的印象不会持续这样的久。同时,这也是一种坏品味,很多这样规律的出现都是由于某人看到了这样的规律,由其他看到此规律的人印证后,传播到没有见到此规律的人中间。最后的这批人不仅没有见过这个规律,也没有见过产生这规律的事件和现象,所以长时间持有这样的认知是有点难为情的。

数学的规律很单纯,比物理的世界还要单纯。它讨论抽象的数字、形状,而一旦这种规律被人运算出来,它的真属性是普遍的,这时运算出来的人,和绞尽脑汁也想不出来的人,以及围观这些人去运算的看客,都会体会到无限的愉快。这些抽象的规律,可以有应用上的价值,也有审美的价值。它的美有无限的阐释空间,因为它全无内容,只有形式,因此人可以有无数欣赏的方式,或是欣赏这形式,或是将喜欢的内容填充进这些形式中——其中一个经典的例子就是西方的古典音乐,将物质振动的频率加在了形式当中。

世界杂乱多变,文学让我感受到混乱中蕴含的动力;数学则给我提供一个撤退的小屋,确定,完美,无限,充满想象空间。

在瑞士的反思

虽然常常吐槽瑞士,但是这里有很多制度和文化让我叹为观止,甚至到现在为止,还是常常感到一些惊讶时刻,让我对很多事情产生深久的思考。

体会最深的自然是教育。这里的本科录取对所有的高中毕业生开放,只要通过高中毕业的测试,就可以自由地选择学校和职业。公立大学几乎没有学费,但教授的资历和学校的设备及馆藏的书籍水平极高,是政府的资金支持。本科生和部分硕士生是双专业学制,此外有固定的学分配给每个学生自由地选择课外的专业,这样的结果就是很多学生在一到两个学期之后会在选修课或第二专业的课堂中找到自己更感兴趣的专业。大学转专业非常灵活,甚至学校鼓励学生在探索之后不断调整专业,以确定自己真正的兴趣。热爱是专业对学生的最大要求,而并非擅长,虽然后者也很重要,但并非首位。学生自然需要通过课程才可以毕业,但专业吸纳学生的动力来自自主性,也就是agency。反观自己的成长经历,不论是自己还是周围的同龄人,都是去做自己最擅长的事,而这擅长,常是小时候老师或者其他成年人的一句话而已。“这孩子是个苗子!”就定位了ta在某个领域的一生。

这样的教育哲学是一种对人的尊重,也就是最大限度地让每个人发挥自己想发挥的天赋,而不是做得最好的天赋。这样的体制可能在“竞争”中并不是最好的策略,但这取决于对世界本质的解读。如若认为这个世界是弱肉强食的丛林社会,那么社会的组织基础就是最大限度地防御敌人和发展器具,这样自然会产生以能力为基础的社会分工,也就是以每个人最强的部分来决定ta的事业。但如若对社会的本质理解是通过共同努力发展出和平共处的方式,一同创造人类的文明,让每个生于社会的幸运之人有空间发挥自己的才能,做自己想成为的人,而非更好用的人,那这样的社会是会鼓励“ta想要”,而非“ta会做”。

本系的本科生如果能完成一篇初级论文,就可以选择修硕士的课程来满足本科的学分,因此,我有很多本科生朋友,有的好友和我的年龄差有近十岁,但令我意外的是,ta们常让我有同龄人的感觉。这种成熟自然不是混迹过社会的油滑,而是对待生命有成熟的判断力,知道何为好和善,接受人的复杂,但努力向善。同时,她们有很强的独立生活能力,知道如何控制收支,了解营养,热爱运动。在童年的教育中,学校会教授很多认识世界的课程,从基本的能力如做饭、制作器具和艺术品,到了解城市生活中的一切从何而来。我认识一位比我年长的朋友,他的职业是本地制盐公司的导游,常会带学生或成年人小群体参观工厂。当时我对他的职业很惊讶,我说你们为什么要去看盐的制作过程?现在我意识到,为什么那时的我,会认为人可以不知道盐是怎么做的?

起初,我发现瑞士有很多女生喜欢手工编织,我有些不以为然。在我的心中,一个独立的女性形象一定不是一个喜欢织围巾的人,甚至,我在国内时刻意不愿意学做饭也是这样的原因:我有一个对独立女性的刻板印象。后来,我读了一些数据,意识到性别更平等的国家中,女性反而可以自由地选择那些有“女性化”标签的爱好和职业。自而反思自己,为何会认为可以满足温饱的物品不值得投入自己的时间?

本地对于“物”的态度,也让我有很多体会。起初,我很不适应瑞士人对物品的珍惜和维护,那时,我对工具的态度很轻蔑,这也是我自己对某些概念的刻板印象之一:我曾认为,一个以人为本的社会应当反抗器具的暴政。那时,我很不习惯在这里总要花很多的时间去维护自己拥有的一切物品,清洗、维修、整理、分类,小心翼翼。但在我后来的反思中,我想到自己对于物质文明实在太想当然了,工业化生产让我忘记了材料和制作的来之不易。另外,人的工具就是人的延伸,好的工具可以让人忘我地创造,我想,花时间去维护好的工具,是我对它们基本的尊重。

瑞士人很喜欢用纸,好友常在路过我家楼下的时候,在我的信箱中投入一张手写的卡片,日积月累,我已经有了一小叠她送来的卡片和信件。由于家庭的变故,我曾丢失了大学前所有的物品。也许是因为这样的经历,我曾故作潇洒地认为,对物的留恋是应当学会舍弃的,这样才能做一个精神上更自主和强健的人。但这样的想法自然是有问题,因为物是可以打开回忆的中介,当我的头脑将部分回忆忘记之后,只有看到物品才能想到曾经发生过的事件,而这是对人的经验的保护,是对人的精神世界的保护。

对于垃圾,在这里要分成近10类。起初,我很烦恼。但后来意识到,这件事其实十分简单,因为标准的细致和准确,每个人都可以迅速地找到每一个包装的处理方法,而在熟练之后,会意识到大部分垃圾都只需要分成3-4个大类,对于日常生活来说,除却一开始学习的时间,此后每天只需要用很短的时间,就可以维持这样分类的生活秩序,但对环境的保护意义又有极大的好处,是造福后世一种行为习惯。我想,这是因为制度的制订者花了很多的心思来简化和精细化流程,才减轻了市民的工作量,让大家都有动力坚持去做。毕竟,每个人都想做一些好事,如果这件事被设计得简单又优雅,大家就更愿意去做。

这里的制度很在意个体对自己行为的责任,这是我刚到学校的那一天就意识到的一件事。那天我去学校领取入学材料,需要填写地址和联络方式等信息。在把材料递给工作人员后,他强调了一句文件上的话:如若你改变了地址或个人信息,那将这些变更告知学校是你的责任(It is your responsibility to do it)。这句话在后来的生活中常常出现,我留意到它,因为它的语法很特别,It is your responsibility,这句话的重心在于责任,这种哲学与大学的教学原则是一体两面,都强调个人的主体性,让每个人能意识到,这场生命归根结底是自己的责任。

我常很意外,也常感到很愉快,能在一个和自己生长环境迥异的国家里,去学习和反思,并意识到自己的局限。

女人的身体

女人,女生女性,我们的身体的第一性质是装饰性的。我有一个很排斥的事情,就是拍照,这事源自小时候每次拍照的时候,我妈都要求我要用她的要求去微笑。我不知道为什么笑需要去安排,所以我的拒绝方式就是不去拍照,这样就避免了在一个小项目上的装饰功能,但在别的领域,我还是持续被期待着做这样的功能。

剪短发之后就方便很多。现在在国外,不方便理发,干脆买了一个推子,把头发剃掉,好打理。这事一开始只是因为一个实用性的原因,但是发现办事更方便了,这具身体终于可以成为我的工具,回归了它最重要的功能。身体按理说就是去办事的:拇指让我们可以移动物体,双腿让我们可以移动自己,五感让我们观察环境,再加上人类发明的各种工具,这具身体叠加了很多的buff,又可以办更多的事。我们可能会在电脑上贴一些可爱的贴纸,但谁也不会想买个笔记本出门拿着当装饰品。但女人的身体是被期待起到这种作用的,其中原因,仔细推敲,其实站不住脚。

我觉得现在流行的“拒绝服美役”就是这个原理。这个词听着挺激进,让人都有点害怕,好像这些人太极端。其实道理很简单,就是女人想办事,但是发现不好办,于是就想用一些比较简单的、自己就能实现的方法让身体回归工具的属性。这个口号听着有点吓人,但内核还是很温和的。

海德格尔对工具有一个看法,就是说当工具好用的时候,你意识不到它的存在,你和工具是一体的。只有当工具出故障的时候,你才会注意到它。女人的身体很多时候就是这种故障的工具,因为它没有完成流畅的办事功能,所以你对它总是有意识的。但这种有意识又不是像对一个纯粹的工具一样,去看看它哪里出了问题,去修理一下,而是发现原来别人都希望我这个工具承担一个美观功能,那我是不是让它更美观一点,就能实现更好的社交,修复它的问题?这就让女人更加注意自己的身体,那身体就更无法成为得心应手的工具,这样恶性循环,没有终点。

身体的美观性是在工具性的基础上的,它好用的前提是健康,健康就美观,美观就便于社交,这是一体的事情。完全抛弃装饰性,那生活也少了很多情趣。

做男人比较容易没有性别感,做女人却不容易,这和社会的期待有很大关系。当意识到身体的工具性的时候,我们才能更好地生活,更好地办事,更好地去爱这个世界。

写作

我意识到我的写作有一个大问题就是我没有太多的生活。我脑袋中所有的故事的原型都起源于七岁之前在姥姥家的经验:那个工人社区居住了上百栋楼的人,他们的一生都发生在社区中,各种怪事和怪人每天在我的眼前闪过,他们不仅怪,而且怪得很有规律。他们的疯癫也保持着一种集体生活的方式。姥姥姥爷都生于那个教育缺失的年代,他们的生活经验全部来自于手把手的学习:姥姥到现在还能跟我讲述她在棉纺厂如何使用一种简单的机器座椅来帮助她完成接线的工作,也就是将线段通过缠绕的方式结合在一起,然后再将整理成长条的棉线整理好,交往下一个车间继续加工。

姥姥这一代人,她们的道德观完全来自于恻隐之心。在这样大型的社区中度过一生,人没有机会接触陌生人,即使他们生活在大都市里。我常常惊讶于当我在给姥姥讲述自己在大学和在留学中学到的人文观念时,姥姥的理解力是超常的,我想这就是因为她的道德系统完全源自设身处地为他人思考的经验。实际上,我现在受到的教育很少有超出本能的,就像一位数学家埃米尔·勒莫因说的,“就是要证明那些显而易见的东西”。高等教育常常是教育我们如何用前人总结出来的系统方法来证明简单的道理,这样人可以清晰地审视自我,也知道自己的意识和本能的逻辑。但姥姥不是这样的,她没有证明和证伪的这一个过程,她用最朴素的思维也能想明白这些事,并且最重要的是能做到这些事,我想象牙塔也不能对此作出保证吧。

我爸妈这一代,就不再有这种经验。被接到父母家里之后,我就进入了一种空中楼阁的生活。他们都是对知识有向往的人,对现实的生活却没什么太大的兴趣,这也影响到他们对我的教育,就是一种士大夫式的,书生式的培养。父母的社区也是行业聚居,但已经脱离了制造业和农业,而是商业以及能源产业。这样的社区似乎更没有了太多的野趣,我们这些下一代的子女,大多数都四体不勤,五谷不分。父母都不太会做饭,甚至我们家里也不在意食物,他们对食物的看法是最好用简单的方式尽可能满足一家人的营养所需,但对于研究美食,他们二位可以说都兴趣不高。从那时起,我的生活似乎就逐渐走上了重精神轻生活的轨道。

我一直喜欢读书,但是读小说对我最大的困惑是,我不知道那些故事怎么可能真的在人世间发生,因为我没有见过。我甚至连美食的乐趣都不太懂,我不知道为什么会有人专门写书来研究味道的乐趣。我一直觉得自己是飘着的,书中和电影中那些看起来轻而易举的生活常态,我怎么会从未接触过?这也许影响了很多我曾经的艺术审美,就是我会被猎奇的东西所吸引,因为与生活过于相似的作品并不能勾起我对相似生活经验的温情,反而让我觉得奇怪。所以我会逐渐认为艺术是脱离生活的一套魔术,好不好看,取决于艺术家是否用了最新鲜的技法。但这当然不对,可是这样的艺术趣味在那时的我看来,是一种很天然的选择。

我想,如果不是修文学,这样的生活经验也不会对我带来太大的困扰。我辅修的专业是数字人文系,其实是学习数字工具,学习数学、逻辑,写代码。在研究这些的时候,生活上的贫乏不会影响我的判断,反而减少生活的介入,会提高抽象思维的能力,更加专心地进入二进制的世界当中。但我又对文学有天然的热情,我向往自己没有经历过的那种生命,那样的热烈和精彩,但同时,我连味道都分不清楚,又永远觉得自己距离文学的世界是如此的遥远。

我能理解的部分,常常是更加哲学的那一部分。所以读书的时候,我很喜欢看上帝视角对人物的评判,对于那些通过情节和对话来表现的内容,我反而读得吃力。当然,如果写到做饭,我常常不得不直接略过,因为我真的看不懂。很多作家都喜欢写做饭,吃饭,毕竟,这是人类基本的需求之一,它不出现在文学当中才要奇怪,但我对它陌生到甚至如果是读英文的故事,我需要查大量的词汇,因为这些词汇所做的事我从来没有做过,所以根本就不在我的认识范围之内。

但仔细想想,这样的生活自然还是有问题的。如果,我连一个人的原始状态都没经历过,我怎么去了解人,怎么去学习人文学科?哲学难道能建立在半空中吗?这是不可能的。我常常会觉得做体力工作的人很有魅力,因为他们的生命是很结实的,它有生命经验的基础,在这里发展出的任何的思想,都站在一个是在的东西上面,这样的思想比我的是要深刻得多的。他们没有我这么多的花言巧语,但是他们的想法都是实在的,有底气的。

如果想要真正地学习人文,或者说,如果想要做一个写作者,那我必须要进入到生活中去。如果一直像现在这样下去,也许我会成为一个学者,写一些用数学原理推理出的东西,被尘封在没有人走入的图书馆中,对人类文明做出0的贡献。

文学的乐趣

攻读某一个专业,归根结底是一个学习词汇的过程。思维从语言而展开,有了语言,便有了思维该事物的能力。而通过了解词源,又可以读懂对该事物如此命名的原因,接下来就可以理解到首次命名人对这件事物本质的思考。用英文学习数学比用中文学习有趣得多,就是因为学校的数学教育系统是从西方传来,命名也有很多是从西方语言翻译,在中文语境中,这门学科也就少了一些追词溯源的乐趣。

中文应该也有这样的乐趣,但我毕竟不是中文系的学生,对训诂的了解也不多。又或者是我对于自己所处的文化原本就没有太多意外,因此也少了很多带来探索动力的由头。反而是在外文中常常感到自己像一个刚出生的孩子,对世界的一切都充满了好奇心。

读小说和诗歌,最大的乐趣也是在语言上。如若读书只为了道理,那么文学创作也就不需要存在了。阅读文学是一个解谜的过程,每一个字在这个语境的出现都有无数想象空间,而每个字不仅有其在词源上的解释,也有它在历史演变中所吸收的微妙含义,又有其在当下文本语境中所产生的独特味道。写作有点像做饭,将可以搜集的材料用无限种方式组合在一起,没有任何两道菜是完全相同的。我的饭做得不行,但很爱吃饭。就像文章写得一般,但很爱读书。也许,某一天我可以写出好的故事,但做出美味的食物的可能性相当微弱。(难道要学写故事,要先从学做饭开始吗?)

索绪尔以来,学界对语言的看法出现了转变,很多人认为所指不再代表真实世界当中的某物,而是代表另一个所指,从此,人们对语言揭示真理的能力也产生了很大怀疑。个人来说,我依然对语言的能力有很强信心,对其出现之初所承载的智慧和幽默也有很强信心。在语言的演变过程中,很多这样的信息已经被忘记,这不是语言的错误,也不是使用语言者的错误,只是如果不再去想语言如此使用的原因,读书就少了一些乐趣。